This initiative is ready to be part of the global effort to make mRNA vaccines more quickly and widely available when facing new variants or the next pandemic. Quantitative Measurement of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies: Analytical and Protective activity of mRNA vaccines against ancestral and variant SARS-CoV-2 strains. One-day-old Vero E6 cells were used for measuring the level of neutralizing antibodies by live-virus micro-neutralization (micro-VNT50). COVID-19 antibody testing is a blood test. T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 can be indirectly tested with antigen tests (such as Elispot) that tests for cytokines produced (i.e. The ethics committee waived the need for formal written informed consent from patients, as this study was performed on clinical data retrieved from routine tests; thus, no patient was specifically included in this study. %PDF-1.7 For the homologous prime/boost, ChulaCov19 showed 3- to 10.6-fold higher NAb levels compared to 2-dose immunization of CoronaVac or AZD1222 across all variants WT (Wuhan-Hu1), Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta B.1.351), and Delta (B.1.617.2), as measured by micro-VNT50 (Fig. Magnitude of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases throughout the course of infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The interpretation of the calculated ratios was performed as manufacturer's recommendation. Peletta, A. et al. In Experiment 3, the durability of NAb induced by ChulaCov19 was monitored until week 18 (15 weeks after the 2nd dose). K18-hACE2 transgenic mice are highly susceptible and displayed clinical signs following SARS-CoV-2 challenge22,23. SARS-CoV-2 is the name of the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Baseline NAb levels at week 0 of all mice were negative. Mol Ther 28, 15691584 (2020). Zhang, L. et al. The Euroimmun Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA tests are separate ELISAs that detect antibodies against the S1 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. although all assays showed good agreement with the Genscript sVNT, they were not interchangeable, even when converted to BAU/ml [10]. This contrasts with SARS CoV-1 where peak viral shedding occurs after patients were already quite ill5,6. Boosting with ChulaCov19, although not statistically significant, it could enhance the IFN- positive T cells by approximately 6.5 folds (p=0.1523) of the magnitude of T cells response in CoronaVac-primed mice (273 SFC/106 splenocytes). In the same study, two doses of AZD1222 could protect rhesus macaque form viral challenge. 6c) may be due to RT-qPCR, a highly sensitive method detecting the free viral RNA from disintegrated virus. This was consistent with the prior study in K18-hACE2 that intranasal inoculation with the similar range of virus caused death within 1 week22. The GMT of micro-VNT50 titers at week 5 were 15,343 and 4424 in the 10 g and 1 g groups, respectively, p=0.0325. Moreover, anamnestic NAb response is undetectable in challenge animals. S-specific IgG measurement was performed employing indirect ELISA as described previously56,67. The score (0-5) was assigned according to the percent distribution of fluorescent-positive cells. N Engl J Med 384, 403416 (2021). ChulaCov19 was further compared to two approved vaccines (CoronaVac and AZD1222), either in a homologous prime/boost setting or heterologous one (i.e. According to French regulations, the study was approved by the French ethics committee (Health Data Hub, approval number: F20211217094518). This observation correlates with that of a recent clinical study report53. The authors would like to thanks Dr.Navapon Techakriengkrai, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University for providing HEK293T-hACE-2 cells. Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike responses to Pfizer - PubMed Copyright and Disclaimer, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, COVID-19 Testing Frequently Asked Questions For Patients, Frequently Asked Questions About COVID-19 Testing for Providers & Clients. Article An adjuvanted subunit SARS-CoV-2 spike protein vaccine provides protection against Covid-19 infection and transmission, Immunogenicity and protection of a variant nanoparticle vaccine that confers broad neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 variants, CpG-adjuvanted stable prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike protein protected hamsters from SARS-CoV-2 challenge, Protection of hamsters challenged with SARS-CoV-2 after two doses of MVC-COV1901 vaccine followed by a single intranasal booster with nanoemulsion adjuvanted S-2P vaccine, mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate CVnCoV induces high levels of virus-neutralising antibodies and mediates protection in rodents, Intranasal immunization with a proteosome-adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-based vaccine is immunogenic and efficacious in mice and hamsters, Booster vaccination with Ad26.COV2.S or an Omicron-adapted vaccine in pre-immune hamsters protects against Omicron BA.2, The SARS-CoV-2 spike residues 616/644 and 1138/1169 delineate two antibody epitopes in COVID-19 mRNA COMIRNATY vaccine (Pfizer/BioNTech), A core-shell structured COVID-19 mRNA vaccine with favorable biodistribution pattern and promising immunity, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MN908947.1, https://www.who.int/en/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants, https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus, https://covid19.trackvaccines.org/agency/who, https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/363344, https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/covid-vaccine-tracker-global-distribution, https://www.who.int/initiatives/the-mrna-vaccine-technology-transfer-hub, https://www.science.org/content/article/new-crop-covid-19-mrna-vaccines-could-be-easier-store-cheaper-use, https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT05231369, https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT05605470, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Prompetchara, E., Ketloy, C., Alameh, MG. et al. Using the Youden index maximization approach, optimal cutoffs were consistently lower than the reference cutoff of 264 BAU/ml for the Abbott and Beckman assays (148 and 48 BAU/ml, respectively). SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV viral load dynamics, duration of viral shedding, and infectiousness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. This demonstrated the significant protective efficacy of ChulaCov19 in the preclinical phase. The use of a specific threshold for decision-making regarding PreP in immunocompromised patients must be taken with cautions due to limitations, mainly based on the nature and type of assay used to measure the antibody. Sci. Source data are provided as a source data file. Performance of nucleocapsid and spike-based SARS-CoV-2 serologic assays Google Scholar. Centrifuge RED TOP or EDTA tube and aliquot serum/plasma into plastic aliquot tube. Science 377, 890894 (2022). The new semi-quantitative testing service is the latest addition to the company's existing menu of COVID-19 qualitative IgG and IgG/IgM test services. The limitation of this study includes the limited samples for tissue viremia after challenge. Lysis solution was added for 1h at RT before measuring OD at 540nm. Five micrograms of ChulaCov19 was selected as we aimed to standardize the dosage to 1/10 of human dose for all vaccines (50g per dose of ChulaCov19 was used in phase II studies, Clinical Trial Identifiers: NCT05231369 and NCT05605470)63,64. An RBD virus-like particle vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 induces cross-variant Laurent Kbaier, These results suggest that both dosing regimens effectively protected the mice from detectable levels of circulating virus. Cell 182, 12711283.e1216 (2020). Moreover, the tissue slides were examined unblind. Each dot represents an individual animal. In many countries, immunization regimens have frequently employed mixtures of different vaccine platforms (also known as a heterologous prime-boost). Discover a faster, simpler path to publishing in a high-quality journal. It was also evaluated for the protective efficacy in transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), Fig. A. et al. Furthermore, the antibody rescue experiment confirmed the role of S1 in suppressing burst activities and highlighted the protective function of anti-S1 antibodies as well as the significance of RBD in modulating neuronal phenotypes. Within the brain, ACE2 is predominantly expressed in the brain stem and regions whose primary function is to regulate blood pressure and cardiovascular function. James Heyes, A. J., Kieu Mong, L. A. M., Alan, D. MARTIN. JAMA Netw Open 4, e2137257 (2021). In the present study, researchers quantified the neurological phenotypes induced in neurons by the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. SARS-CoV-2 RNA-positive cells were examined and counted unblind by certified personnel. Kunkalikar, Bhavana. In the heterologous vs homologous prime/boost experiment (Experiment 2), homologous ChulaCov19 and homologous AZD1222 immunizations elicited comparable levels of S-specific IFN- positive T cells responses which was 2482 and 2210 SFC/106 splenocytes, respectively. \1;nJ/mjJ=DqXlU,u>z}x)tU#K>/#}idN"%W$YoSA14Ys5+VlE5-3a+`h"xD%5n#L$\g%[&0Gy-x;a>$'+6#am#WK>nxW|^E~YS t4G2G9V$Mf=E5y? Alene, M. et al. tG gh3o^r3^Z\PQE5)?xLr3El79/iDm}y)MjbV|bBuD7l[U}\Cxo In brief, mouse splenocytes at 510 5 cells/well were cultured with SARS-CoV-2 spike peptide pools spanning the entire sequence of spike protein, 25 peptides/pool (Mimotopes, Mulgrave, Victoria . Agrawal, A. S. et al. News-Medical. Detection of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein in both serum and saliva enhances detection of infection Philippe Halfon, Serologic Testing Serology testing measures the host antibody response in the form of immunoglobulins (Ig) such as IgM, IgA, or IgG following infection and/or vaccination. Prefusion RSV F Immunization Elicits Th2-Mediated Lung Pathology in Mice When Formulated With a Th2 (but Not a Th1/Th2-Balanced) Adjuvant Despite Complete Viral Protection. The vaccine inequity issue is a huge challenge to healthcare in LMICs. Watanabe, Y. et al. It is still being studied how does the immune system react in immunocompromised individuals, and how these observations translate into protection. Serum-IgG responses to SARS-CoV-2 after mild and severe COVID-19 - PLOS This was in accordance with previous studies showing that survived animals, either using HFH4-hACE2 or K18-hACE2 strains, could recovery their body weight to the basal levels at pre-challenge while weight lost continued for unprotected or non-vaccinated animals and reached euthanized criteria within approximately 1 week24,25,26. 399, 924944 (2022). S-specific total IgG analyzed at week 2 revealed that all ChulaCov19-immunized mice, either with 1 or 2 doses, elicited anti-S-specific IgG response from the lowest dose of 0.2g with a dose-dependent response pattern. SD; standard deviation. In supernatant, we could detect both intact S and cleaved S1 and S2 (Fig. S protein on HEK293T-hACE-2 cell surface was stained with the same antibodies used in 2a. Laboratoire AlphabioBiogroup, Marseille, France, Affiliation: Understanding the Role of Epigenetics in Cancer, Understanding Chronic Cough: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis, Circumcised vs. Uncircumcised; Differences in the Penile Microbiome, Obesity management: a women's health approach, AI analysis software for Zebrafish you must know, Excessive digital technology use is associated with reduced sleep quality regardless of environmental and genetic factors, study finds, Activating well-being goals in grocery stores: innovative strategies for encouraging healthy food purchases. Native-like SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Expressed by ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 Vaccine. 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