Strange Frontiers, episode 2:The factory where one of the most expensive and elusive materials is made. Currently we use fusion not antimatter, however whereas fusion only converts 1% of the fuels mass energy into thrust, antimatter can convert 40%. No country has considered it worth it to make one, and even the richest businessmen in the world dont have the funds to build one. "If we don't find a difference between matter and antimatter, then that's going to be the only remaining explanation," Professor Doser says. The recipe they use at CERN's Antimatter Factory to achieve this feat is: 1. You can maybe kill everyone with less antimatter if you settled for giving everyone cancer instead. A minor scale definition: am I missing something? For a 10 km dinosaur killer asteroid, 1 kg of antimatter should be sufficient retarget the asteroid -- actually quite a bit less would actually be needed because there are quite a few near earth objects that would need only a tiny orbital deflection to serve the purpose, the largest of these earth crossers, 1866 Sysyphusone of these objects happens to fit the bill as it is probably over 8 km diameter (close enough for our imagination) and currently scheduled to pass about 17 million km from the earth on Nov 24, 2071. Such weapons would easy eclipse nuclear weapons in power, e.g., 1 gram of antimatter would equal 23 space shuttle fuel tanks of energy. However as science progresses it may be affordable to make an antimatter bomb with significantly more power than a nuclear bomb. Assuming perfect accuracy and a teleporter? [11], So, one can state that a nuclear bomb has a yield of 15kt (6.31013J); but an actual explosion of a 15000ton pile of TNT may yield (for example) 81013J due to additional carbon/hydrocarbon oxidation not present with small open-air charges.[10]. For Starship, using B9 and later, how will separation work if the Hydrualic Power Units are no longer needed for the TVC System? @Serban Tanasa: No, it's clearly not the same question. 4. The time of interaction is very short. Will Antimatter Destroy the World? | Live Science But to understand the properties of this mysterious anti-stuff, apparently anti-electrons won't cut it. Why 1.810 14 joules? A positron powered spaceship would be simpler, and less dangerous than say a nuclear powered spaceship which comes with a lot more complications. 1 megaton is about 4.2x10 15 J. Unlike Big Bang speculation, these measurements, which are testable and repeatable, were real science. Current technology only allows us to store small amounts of antimatter in each Penning trap. Find out more about shock waves in our oblique shock calculator and Prandtl Meyer expansion calculator. The stand-off distance is: The Hopkinson-Cranz equation is useful for estimating safety distances for explosives. While I can't provide any numbers to back this up, I have a feeling the answers to Part 2 and Part 3 are going to be the same. Some humans would probably survive this, though. 2 kg of $E=mc^2 = 1.79 \times 10^{17} J$. Answer (1 of 6): Let's assume a gram of antihydrogen, which would release about 2 GeV per annihilation. 2014 The Institute of Makers of Explosives. All the galaxies, the clusters of galaxies, the stars, the planets, us. Now we need to know how this works in tons. The bottle is called a trap because thats what it does, it traps antimatter. You'll need a fair bit of antimatter, um, let's see 1 Mt is $4.1\times10^{15} J$ so the Tsar Bomba (in the tested config) at $42MT = 1.72 \times10^{17} J$ But case 2 deserves a better answer after all anti-matter is not cheap and they are always out of stock at Home Depot. Today, it takes nearly a year for an unmanned spacecraft to reach Mars. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. Antimatter annihilation from anti-hydrogen is surprisingly messy: it will not be pure gamma rays. But because this claim is not based on any empirical science, its never been anything more than pure speculation. If you wanted to blow up the planet you could do so by exploding an antimatter bomb near the Earths core. However for only $600,000 you could fit a 10 millionth of a gram of antimatter into a snipers bullet. "We make such minute quantities that even if you were to destroy all the antimatter that we're making in the course of a year, it wouldn't be even enough to boil a cup of tea.". The OP wanted it all in one bomb, so I told him his bomb must release at least that much energy. Similarly, you can estimate the blast radius for c4 explosives too. c is the speed of light which is 299,792,458 meters per second. So yeah, how much antimatter would it take to level a house? Has the cause of a rocket failure ever been mis-identified, such that another launch failed due to the same problem? But say I had 1 Antimatter Electron, and I just opened a container in a room, what would happen? The results of this latest experiment show that a property of the antiproton (called its magnetic moment) is identical in magnitude to the magnetic moment of its proton counterpart to within a precision of just a couple of parts per billion. Would matter-antimatter annihilation create a fireball or not? So it depends on how much anti-matter you have. How are engines numbered on Starship and Super Heavy? On the subatomic level, this energy is manageable, but if one were to combine a gram of antimatter with a gram of matter, the result is an energy release comparable to the atomic explosion at . "One particle is left over out of a billion, and this one particle out of a billion is everything we see in the Universe. ", National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, "How much energy does an earthquake release? by Weaselmancer ( 533834 ) on Monday October 04, 2004 @04:06PM ( #10432675 ) The San Francisco Chronicle is reporting that the Air Force is actively pursuing antimatter weapons. For a 10 km dinosaur killer asteroid, 1 kg of antimatter should be sufficient retarget the asteroid -- actually quite a bit less would actually be needed because there are quite a few near earth objects that would need only a tiny orbital deflection to serve the purpose, the largest of these earth crossers, 1866 Sysyphus one of these objects We acknowledge Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the First Australians and Traditional Custodians of the lands where we live, learn, and work. During this interval, the pressure rises abruptly to a peak value and then decays exponentially over time. This stops it from making contact with matter. However, humans have produced only a minuscule amount of antimatter. How much energy is released? - Worldbuilding Stack Exchange You could probably reduce your targets from 7 B to a few dozen by targeting, say, the leaders of a few large nations or the microprocessors in their early-warning systems, and let the ensuing nuclear strikes and counter-strikes do the rest. I was planning on adding more to this response, but I think Serban covered it as well as I can for numbers #1 and #2. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. [4], Alternative values for TNT equivalency can be calculated according to which property is being compared and when in the two detonation processes the values are measured. This worksheet uses the property of energy called the heat of combustion or heat of explosion and is expressed in units of kilocalories per gram. A merger of two black holes, resulting in the. Supposing we had many thousands of antimatter bombs (they can be detonated in many different locations), how much total antimatter would we need in order to wipe out all humans on Earth? From some rough calculations with 10g of anti hydrogen, I came out at roughly a gigatonne of TNT's worth of energy - 1.2x10^22J. religious interview questions and answers sharleen spiteri ashley heath . The team can create thousands of antihydrogen atoms in only a second but the trap barely catches any. Why are players required to record the moves in World Championship Classical games? What positional accuracy (ie, arc seconds) is necessary to view Saturn, Uranus, beyond? Many people have proposed that we disarm all nuclear weapons to make the world safer. Collisions between high-energy photons can result in a pair of matter/antimatter particles. There is such a thing as an antimatter trap. CAUTION An antimatter weapon is a theoretically possible device using antimatter as a power source, a propellant, or an explosive for a weapon. TNT Calculator - IME How much antimatter would we need in order to wipe out all humans This sounds like a good thing at first, but it just means that antimatter weapons could be seen as more politically acceptable, and therefore more likely to be used in warfare. The first is that the technology developed in CERN's Antimatter Factory has been appliedin medical imaging tools calledPET scanners. What could humans do to render the earth uninhabitable? "You need 2,000 times more energy to make [anti-protons]," he says. For instance, the antimatter equivalent to the electron is called the positron. which is equivalent to What are the arguments for/against anonymous authorship of the Gospels, Weighted sum of two random variables ranked by first order stochastic dominance. All I've ever read is science fiction, and they seem to be wildly wildly different in how dangerous Antimatter actually is. The relative differences between two explosives with shaped charges will be even greater. The total energy output of the Sun per second. Get all the latest science stories from across the ABC. [3], As of 2004[update], the cost of producing one millionth of a gram of antimatter was estimated at US $60 billion. Today, the cost of producing 1 gram of antimatter is $25 billion, and the rate of production is only at 10 nanograms (maximum) per year. It's the only way to be sure. I think this is a very conservative answer in that it is very certain to get the job done. We have a mole of atoms in a gram, or a total energy release of (2 GeV)(6 x 10^23)(1.6 x 10^-19 J/eV) = 2 x 10^14 J, or 200 terajoules. To some degree this is just like a normal nuclear explosion of the same yield. Where can I find a clear diagram of the SPECK algorithm? Physics Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for active researchers, academics and students of physics. The gammas then scatter of air molecules, transferring the energy into heat. Also your question only speaks about blowing up a planet completely, whereas my questions number 1 and 2 only speak about killing all humans and all animals respectively which is very different (your question very clearly states near the end "I dont just want to destroy all life on the surface, I want to reduce the entire planet to rubble so that very little remains"). "So this is by far the most energetic process that you can think of.". When the Tsar Bomba was tested in Russia it produced such a large fireball that it could be seen from 620 miles away. Multiplying by the mass of the atmosphere $M_{atm}=5.1*10^{18}$ gives us how much energy it takes to heat the atmosphere by 1 degree Kelvin, $C_v*M_{atm}=3.6567*10^{18}kJ*K^{-1}$. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Antimatter is actually produce by all sorts of things, for instance bananas produce antimatter. Supposed you have successfully build a special tomahawk missile entirely composed of antimatter, this method of conversion of mass to energy greatly dwarfs any conventional nuclear reactions. (considering low energy state) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%E2%80%93positron_annihilation Share Cite Improve this answer 3.5 nanograms of antimatter would equal the amount of explosive in an average hand grenade with about an effective 15m blast/shrapnel radius. The shock wave is usually spherical or hemispherical in shape. There are many ways to calculate "TNT equivalence" and the term is often misused because the property in question and basis for the equivalence are not defined. Antimatter are difficult to create and much less to contain. The energy released by a hurricane per day during condensation. . They did it by creating a magnetic bottle called a Minimum Magnetic Field Trap. The antimatter bomb would by far be the most powerful thing humans ever created. But this result isnt bizarre at allits simply a confirmation of earlier, but less precise, measurements of the antiprotons magnetic moment. [3] Cost [ edit] Which ability is most related to insanity: Wisdom, Charisma, Constitution, or Intelligence? Antimatter annihilation from anti-hydrogen is surprisingly messy: it will not be pure gamma rays. The RE factor is the relative mass of TNT to which an explosive is equivalent: The greater the RE, the more powerful the explosive. 10 grams of antimatter will annihilate 10 g matter, which just produces 429.6 kT. I went to wolframalpha.com, and typed in this. If you have an absurdly large fireball it will tend to spread more upwards (less pressure, longer mean-free path) and send a big plasma cloud up - bad from an electromagnetic pulse, ozone layer and IR energy igniting stuff perspective. StreamZones.com FineTunedUniverse.com GooToYou.com ICR.org (Article Credit), Big Bang Scientists: Universe Shouldn't Exist. Take a proton (a charged subatomic particle) 2. Approximate yield of the last eruption of the. 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Safety, Health & Environmental Affairs Committee, Transportation, Distribution & Security Committee. At least a trillion tons, probably an order of magnitude or so more when you account for noncentral location and dissipation loss. A typical blast wave has a high-pressure jump, which denotes the wavefront. Pro: Clean blasts, little of that nasty radioactive slag. What Is Antimatter? | Wonderopolis any large scale destruction of a city, with non antimatter device, on earth of a nuclear ready country would trigger mutually assured destruction, in what is estimated to be a thousand times over. The solar irradiance of the Sun every 12 hours. In order to reach the core we would have to send it 4,000 miles down. The positron has the same mass as an electron but with a positive charge, rather than negative. And yes, bizarrely, energy can become the mass of matter and vice versa. Just one 10 thousandths of a gram of antimatter could send a spaceship to Mars in only 45 days. There's no way $10^{32} / 10^{17} = 10^{27}$, much less $10^{32} \times 10^{17} = 10^{27}$, no matter where you place any 1.72 multiplicative factor. Surely you remember Einstein's famous E = Mc2. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Which means we shouldnt exist, physicists are still unsure as to why were around. This one bullet would be equivalent to 378 grams of TNT, which is more powerful than a modern grenade. "Even in that hypothesis you'd still need a gram of antimatter, which would take 10 billion years to accumulate," Professor Doser says. Squared it is 89,875,517,900,000,000 or about 9.010 16. Cookie Notice So far, so good. The reality is that. However that would require a lot more than 10kg. The relative effectiveness factor (RE factor) relates an explosive's demolition power to that of TNT, in units of the TNT equivalent/kg (TNTe/kg). By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Upon an explosive detonation, a shock wave originates and compresses the air, causing an abrupt increase in pressure. Bill Gates couldnt afford more than one millionth of a gram. $361,000,000 km^2$ to cover, you'd need another 3,009 MIEVs. Antimatter is just like normal matter, except that some of its properties are opposite that of normal matter. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003: 88. You'd think a Galaxy Class Starship would take a chunk out of a nearby planet by comparison. But why do so many Christians still claim that God used the Big Bang to create the universe, especially when this scientifically bankrupt speculation contradicts the Genesis creation account in so many ways?5 The Big Bang is, and always has been, unsupported speculation. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. 1 gram of antimatter explosion radius. I have no idea what you're talking about. He also rips off an arm to use as a sword. Well, in theory if you mix one gram of matter with one gram of antimatter you should get 1.810 14 joules of energy or about 43 kilotons. I rolled back the edit that added a formula at the end, which was the reason for my comment. For instance, the antimatter equivalent to the electron is called the positron. Professor Doser leads a team studying this strange, expensive, explosive stuffin the wonderfully named Antimatter Factory. For Starship, using B9 and later, how will separation work if the Hydrualic Power Units are no longer needed for the TVC System? How Antimatter Spacecraft Will Work | HowStuffWorks TNT equivalent - Wikipedia In other words, beyond this distance, one can assume there would be fewer or no fragments flying. When a gnoll vampire assumes its hyena form, do its HP change? The damage done to the biosphere here is more due to pressure and heat than radioactivity. If the Big Bang led to equal parts matter and antimatter forming, these probably would have then bumped into each other, obliterated one another, and then presumably exploded again. This bomb was only 50 megatons. barrels of oil. The ablative engine, which slowly vaporizes itself to produce thrust, could go as high as 5,000 seconds. 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Lowest tech level to blow up the solar system, Counting and finding real solutions of an equation, A boy can regenerate, so demons eat him for years. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Expensive? To create antimatter you just need to create matter. (W/W) = (R/R). And yet, there is very little antimatter in the universeso its been a known problem for many years. I have no idea how to get that in an antimatter bomb, because of the fizzle problem noted above. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. If antimatter makes contact with any ordinary matter it will explode, this includes air. This international scientific institution in Switzerland is home to the Large Hadron Collider, and it regularly exposes the hidden particles that make up our universe. But, taking the statement as accurate (and the source appears to be of generally high quality to me). This means that although equal amounts of matter and antimatter should have formed, they weren't quite equal, he adds. rev2023.5.1.43405. This calculator and the accompanying article will explain what explosion radius is and how to calculate blast radius. Ubuntu won't accept my choice of password. Embedded hyperlinks in a thesis or research paper. (Some say that this was adapted into the show based on people who knew Miguel Alcubierre and they put his unpunished theories into the show, but I don't think this was ever confirmed), But there are volumes of Star Trek Tech manuals that base other things "kind of" around science, or at least attempt to, like the Heisenberg Compensation in the Transporters.